Empire Cities: The Rise of Amsterdam, London, and New York

The giant cities that dominate the global economy today have deep roots in the rich and tumultuous histories of Amsterdam, London, and New York. Each of these cities pioneered a new urban model, inspiring groundbreaking designs and technologies that transformed the world. This series revisits 400 years of fierce competition, which fostered extraordinary minds and created the unique energy that still defines these cities today. 00:00 Episode 1 - A Golden Century (1585-1656) In 1585, Amsterdam was still a small city, yet it gradually rose to become the first true global metropolis in human history. Discover the story of its meteoric rise, its dominance in world trade, and the groundbreaking innovations that fueled its success. Meanwhile, across the Channel, London was not yet the formidable rival it would soon become. However, the city was beginning to carve out its role as a future powerhouse of commerce and finance. 53:03 Episode 2 - Clashes (1650-1800) At the height of its power, Amsterdam became the third-largest city in Europe, but London was steadily gaining ground. A new contender also emerged on the global stage: New Amsterdam, originally a Dutch settlement, was eventually seized by England and transformed into New York, forever altering the balance of power. 1:45:03 Episode 3 - Metropolis (1800-1880) Just two decades after the American War of Independence, New York began its ascent, positioning itself as London's most formidable challenger. Throughout the 19th century, both cities underwent rapid industrialization, embraced modernity, and faced the immense challenges of mass migration and widespread poverty. 2:37:26 Episode 4 - Global Cities (1880-2017) London and New York embraced gigantism, shaping the future of urban life. New York pioneered the skyscraper and the iconic skyline, revolutionizing city planning worldwide. Meanwhile, London, the heart of the British Empire and the world's wealthiest city, grappled with severe pollution and devastating public health crises, struggling to address its vast poverty problem.