Economy - WTO Theory & Current Affairs One Shot: Agreements, Subsidies, Cameroon MC14 Summit Flop!?

1. 👩🏻‍🏫 Join for UPSC Prelims + Mains: https://unacademy.com/goal/upsc-civil-services-examination-ias-preparation/KSCGY/subscribe?plan_type=plus&referral_code=mrunal.org 2. 👩🏻‍🏫 8th April Wednesday Night my Next Win26 Free Economy Class https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-win26-economy-pill4abc-agrimfgserviceeodipr/CU409Z8A 3. 📘 Amazon pe Mrunal’s Economy Book: https://amzn.to/3Jb5rf7 4. 📆 Free Annual economy updates Win26: Mrunal.org/win26 5. 💾 Free Download the topicwise PYQ paperset, monthly current affairs magazine, & more from https://unacademy.com/content/upsc/downloads/ ### Timestamps 00:00 Intro WTO One Shot 02:15 WTO Origin Bretton Woods GATT 03:35 WTO Headquarters Geneva Facts 04:14 WTO Structure Ministerial Conference 04:43 Dispute Settlement Body Explained 05:27 Appellate Body Vacancy Crisis 08:00 Tariff Barrier GATT GATS 08:58 Non Tariff Barrier Explained 09:44 SPS Agreement Food Safety 10:08 TBT Agreement Technical Standards 10:40 Agricultural Subsidy WTO Rules 11:02 Green Box Subsidy Unlimited 12:00 Amber Box Subsidy Cap Limit 13:25 India USA Subsidy Comparison 14:05 Bali Summit 2013 Peace Clause 15:09 Special Differential Treatment SDT 17:01 TRIPS Agreement Intellectual Property 17:38 ITA Information Technology Agreement 17:59 Trade Facilitation Agreement 2013 18:26 TRIMS Agreement UPSC Question 19:08 Fisheries Subsidy Agreement 2022 19:43 Duty Free Quota Free Access 20:36 Bangladesh LDC Status 2026 21:14 Most Favoured Nation MFN Concept 22:46 Doha Development Agenda Explained 24:19 WTO Ministerial Conferences List 24:44 Cameroon MC14 Summit 2026 25:07 Electronic Transmission Netflix Amazon 26:14 Compulsory Licensing TRIPS Explained 26:36 Natco Bayer Drug Patent Case 27:41 Fisheries Subsidy Unresolved Issue 28:35 Minilateral Agreements QUAD I2U2 29:10 RCEP FTA India UK EU 29:26 PYQs Solved ### DESCRIPTION: Dr. Mrunal Patel, UPSC Educator and Economy Subject Expert, covers WTO theory from origin to current affairs for competitive exam aspirants. WTO emerged from Bretton Woods post-WWII. GATT replaced the failed ITO proposal and evolved into WTO in 1995 (Geneva HQ, India founding member). Unlike World Bank and IMF, WTO uses one-member-one-vote with 166 members. Structure: Ministerial Conference at top, then Director General, General Council, and Dispute Settlement Body. Appellate Body vacancies (US-blocked) make enforcement ineffective — India exploits this in sugarcane and solar subsidy disputes. Trade Barriers: GATT covers goods, GATS covers services. Non-tariff barriers include SPS Agreement (food safety) and TBT Agreement (technical standards). Agricultural subsidies are Green Box (unlimited — R&D, vaccination), Blue Box (select countries), and Amber Box (5% cap for developed, 10% for developing). India's absolute 10% is smaller than USA's 5% — a core grievance. At 2013 Bali Summit, PM Manmohan Singh secured a Peace Clause exempting food security programs indefinitely. Key Agreements: TRIPS (compulsory licensing — Natco-Bayer case), ITA-1996 (zero customs on IT products), Trade Facilitation Agreement-2013, TRIMS, Fisheries Subsidy Agreement-2022 (India objects to targeting small fishermen before China and USA). Key Concepts: DFQF access for LDCs — Bangladesh loses LDC status in 2026 with a 3-year grace period. MFN requires non-discrimination among all WTO members. Electronic Transmission moratorium (no customs on Netflix, Amazon Prime) unresolved after Cameroon MC14-2026. Rising minilateral alternatives: QUAD, I2U2, India-UK and India-EU FTAs. PYQ solutions at the end. Useful for UPSC, SSC-CGL, State PSC, Banking, IBPS, RBI Grade B, CAPF, CDS, ACIO, APFC. Free topic-wise PYQs at Mrunal.org. ### ALTERNATIVE TITLES: 1. WTO Agreements Theory: GATT, TRIPS, Agriculture Subsidies and Trade Barriers 2. World Trade Organization Theory for UPSC Prelims and Mains 3. WTO Structure, Summits and Key Concepts: Complete Theory Lecture ### TAGS: WTO theory UPSC, World Trade Organization, GATT GATS TRIPS, WTO structure, trade barriers, SPS TBT agreement, Agreement on Agriculture, Green Box Blue Box Amber Box, Peace Clause WTO, Most Favoured Nation MFN, Doha Development Agenda, compulsory licensing, electronic transmission WTO, fisheries subsidy, UPSC economy, SSC CGL economy, RBI Grade B economy, Mrunal economy, free UPSC lecture