Oil Tornadoes, Oil Pit Squids & Black Rain: 5 Disturbing Oil Mysteries

First, the rain turned black. Then the desert grew a skin. When Iraqi troops torched Kuwait’s oil fields as they retreated during the Gulf War in 1991, the sky behaved like a furnace hood. Smoke climbed in pillars, fused into an artificial night, and fell back to Earth in oily drizzle. NASA’s Landsat satellite caught the crime in progress: ten months of burning, hundreds of wells howling, plumes big enough to redraw the weather. And when that black rain hit sand and gravel, it hardened into a mysterious new material—something no geologist had ever seen before. They called it tarcrete. Tarcrete spread as a literal dark continent—a wartime geology. Field teams measured it up to four inches thick, mapped almost 1,000 square kilometers at peak, nearly five percent of Kuwait. Under that black shell sat more than 300 inland oil lakes—slick, shifting basins that swallowed birds and reflected the sun like shattered obsidian...