كيف حول المسلمون سرًا عسكريًا صينيًا لثورة مذهلة هزت العالم؟

أودو نظام متكامل لإدارة الأعمال، فيه أكتر من 45 تطبيق بيغطوا ويخدموا كل احتياجاتك.. لو عايز تدير شغلك بشكل أسهل وأذكى.. جرب أودو دلوقتي بدون تسجيل من الرابط https://www.odoo.com/r/XJCr #Odoo #OdooMENA #OdooCreatorsClub ---------------------------- العالم قبل الورق كان حاجة يا جماعة، وبعده حاجة تانية خالص..عمل ثورات علمية وعالمية، وبنى إمبراطوريات.. عمل في القرن الثامن الميلادي نفس اللي عمله الإنترنت في القرن العشرين بالظبط.. كان هو السلاح السري للبشرية.. القصة دي، بطلها مش مُخترع الورق، ولكن بطلها اللي حول الاختراع من سر عسكري صيني، لثورة عالمية غيرت وجه الدنيا.. مين بقى اللي عمل الثورة دي؟ مين اللي أخد من أقصى شرق آسيا تكنولوجيا سرية محتكرة وحولها لصناعة عالمية غيرت مسار البشرية؟ الإجابة المدهشة: المسلمين.. للرعاية ودعم القناة [email protected] المخبر_الاقتصادي# المصادر: كتاب Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300089554/paper-before-print/ Paper before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World (review ) https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/40145/summary The Beginning of the Paper Industry https://muslimheritage.com/paper-industry/ The Rise of an Industry: Papermaking https://www.1001inventions.com/paper/ How a Silk Road Conflict Made Paper Global https://prateekdg.substack.com/p/papers-epic-journey-across-the-silk The Battle of Talas https://www.medievalists.net/2020/02/battle-talas/ Trade and Commerce During the Islamic Golden Age https://www.reviewofreligions.org/41191/trade-and-commerce-during-the-islamic-golden-age/ How Islamic Civilization Quietly Influenced Europe's Economic Foundations https://medium.com/@kholilelrahman748/how-islamic-civilization-quietly-influenced-europes-economic-foundations-part-1-history-cac72d74fa58 Continental Bureaucratic Empire: The Culture Of Power And Governance Under the Abbasids https://www.thefridaytimes.com/08-Jan-2023/continental-bureaucratic-empire-the-culture-of-power-and-governance-under-the-abbasids Transaction Costs Theory - an overview https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/transaction-costs-theory Definition, Types, and Transaction Cost Economics https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/transaction-costs/ Samarkand paper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand_paper The Battle That Brought Paper to Islam — How Samarkand Changed History https://medium.com/islamic-reunion-of-thoughts-irot/the-battle-that-brought-paper-to-islam-how-samarkand-changed-history-2e4501f8ca49 The mills of Samarkand https://rhollick.wordpress.com/2024/03/04/the-mills-of-samarkand/ Samarkand Paper https://bukharicreative.group/blog/samarkand-paper Paper in Samarkand https://engines.egr.uh.edu/episode/1456 Industries and crafts in Baghdad during the second Abbasid era https://medcraveonline.com/JHAAS/industries-and-crafts-in-baghdad-during-the-second-abbasid-era-232-861-ad--334-ah-946-ad.html Islam: Empire of Faith - Innovative - Paper & Publishing https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/innopaper.html Did You Know? The Importance of Paper Making Technology & Cultural Exchange Along Silk Roads https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/did-you-know-importance-paper-making-technology-cultural-exchange-along-silk-roads The Transformative Influence of Paper in Islam and Its Impact on European Renaissance https://medium.com/@howtomuslimnow/the-transformative-influence-of-paper-in-islam-and-its-impact-on-european-renaissance-d040ad6174ff Revolution by the Ream: A History of Paper https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/199903/revolution.by.the.ream-a.history.of.paper.htm Maya Shatzmiller — "The Adoption of Paper in the Middle East, 700–1300 AD" https://www.jstor.org/stable/26572311 Maya Shatzmiller — "An Early Knowledge Economy: The Adoption of Paper, Human Capital and Economic Change in the Medieval Islamic Middle East, 700–1300 AD" https://ideas.repec.org/p/ucg/wpaper/0064.html Şevket Pamuk & Maya Shatzmiller — "Plagues, Wages, and Economic Change in the Islamic Middle East, 700–1500" https://www.jstor.org/stable/24550555 Douglass C. North — Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-institutional-change-and-economic-performance/AAE1E27DF8996E24C5DD07EB79BBA7EE Douglass C. North — "Institutions, Transaction Costs and Economic Growth" https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00750.x Hyunhee Park — Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia. https://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/pdf/research/books/cultural_exchange/Mapping_the_Chinese_and_Islamic_Worlds_-_Cross-Cultural_Exchange_in_Pre-Modern_Asia.pdf كتاب "الفهرست" لابن النديم كتاب "لطائف المعارف" لأبي منصور الثعالبي