Mate Rejection Behaviour in Northern Grass Yellow Butterfly

A female of Northern Grass Yellow (Eurema mandarina, family Pieridae) was hiding underneath a leaf of Japanese bramble (Rubus parvifolius, family Rosaceae) beside a railway, while a conspecific male was passionately performing the courtship flight around her. But she was determined to reject him. The non-virgin female of pierid butterfly was supposed to raise her abdomen as she flapped her wings on the perch to reject mating, but I couldn’t get a clear view this time. Soon the male gave up on her and flew away. Captured in the cloudy midafternoon (around 14:25 PM) of early-October 2024 in Japan. FYI, the bramble was not a host plant for Eurema mandarina, but just a hideout. For a full story (text in Japanese); https://sigma-nature-vlog.blogspot.com/2025/12/blog-post_30.html